Bruce Alberts & Others, “Molecular Biology of the Cell”, 1994 was the topic of an earlier blog post.
Here I present: Bruce Alberts & Others, “Molecular Biology of the Cell”, 1994, PART TWO (II). Only Wikipedia has a list of human cells; therefore, I wrote this blog post because there is nothing elsewhere available.
In PART ONE of the blog post I presented the 211 cell types in humans from the Bruce Alberts & Others book (shown BELOW).
Richard Sweet, Leonard & Leonore Herzenberg, “Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting”, Scientific American, March 1976, pages 108-117 is a publication of the instrument to obtain human cell types’ (shown schematically BELOW).
Here I presented: Bruce Alberts & Others, “Molecular Biology of the Cell”, 1994, PART TWO (II).
SUMMARY.
All students in Health Science & Biology are required to know the cells of the human body. The list that I presented above is exactly 211 cell types that one needs to know. I have a set of symbols for the 211 cell types in the color chart BELOW.
COMMENTS.
BELOW is a listing of the 211 cell types of the adult human. The list is divided into twenty (20) groups; and, each grouping has its own color. In addition, I list the GENE SYMBOLS for the particular cell types. This means if you are going to obtain the cells by FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) you use Spectroscopy for sorting each particular cell type.
| 2 | Lens | 1 | La | anterior lens epithelial cell | La | |||||||
| L | 2 | Lc | lens fiber crystalline cell | Lc | ||||||||
| Pigment | 3 | Pm | melanocyte cell | Pm | ||||||||
| P | 4 | Pr | retinal pigmented epithelial cell | Pr | ||||||||
| 3 | Germinal | 5 | Gs | spermatogonium cell | Gs | |||||||
| G | 6 | Gx | oocyte oogonium cell | Gx | ||||||||
| 7 | Gy | spermatocyte cell | Gy | |||||||||
| Nurse | 8 | No | ovarian follicle cell | No | ||||||||
| N | 9 | Ns | testis Sertoli cell | Ns | ||||||||
| 10 | Nt | thymus epithelial cell | Nt | |||||||||
| Autonomic | 11 | Aa | adrenergic neuron | Aa | ||||||||
| A | 12 | Ac | cholinergic neuron | Ac | ||||||||
| 13 | Ap | peptiergic neuron | Ap | |||||||||
| Wet | 14 | Wb | basal epithelial cornea, mouth, esophagus, anus & vagina cell | Wb | ||||||||
| W | 15 | Ws | surface epithelial cornea, mouth, esophagus, anus & vagina cell | Ws | ||||||||
| 16 | Wu | urinary epithelial cell | Wu | |||||||||
| CNS | 17 | Za | astrocyte cell | Za | ||||||||
| Z | 18 | Zn | neuron | Zn | ||||||||
| 19 | Zo | oligodendrocyte cell | Zo | |||||||||
| 4 | Ciliated | 20 | Qc | ciliated CNS ependymal cell | Qc | |||||||
| Q | 21 | Qr | ciliated respiratory tract cell | Qr | ||||||||
| 22 | Qt | ciliated oviduct & uterus cell | Qu | |||||||||
| 23 | Qt | ciliated testis & ductulus effferens cell | Qt | |||||||||
| Metabolic | 24 | Vb | brown fat cell | Vb | ||||||||
| V | 25 | Vh | hepatocyte cell | Vh | ||||||||
| 26 | Vl | liver lipocyte | Vl | |||||||||
| 27 | Vw | white fat cell | Vw | |||||||||
| 8 | Barrier | 28 | Bc | kidney collecting duct cell | Bc | |||||||
| B | 29 | Bg | kidney glomerulus podocyte cell | Bg | ||||||||
| 30 | Bh | kidney Henle thin segment cell | Bh | |||||||||
| 31 | Bk | kidney glomerulus parietal cell | Bk | |||||||||
| 32 | Bl | lung airspace type-I pneumocyte | Bl | |||||||||
| 33 | Bn | nonstriated duct gland cell | Bn | |||||||||
| 34 | Bp | pancreatic duct (centroacinar) cell | Bp | |||||||||
| 35 | Bs | prostate & seminal vesicle duct cell | Bs | |||||||||
| Urogenital | 36 | Ub | epididymal basal cell | Ub | ||||||||
| U | 37 | Ud | ductulus efferens nonciliated cell | Ud | ||||||||
| 38 | Ue | epididymal principal cell | Ue | |||||||||
| 39 | Ug | gall bladder epithelial cell | Ug | |||||||||
| 40 | Ui | intestine brush border cell | Ui | |||||||||
| 41 | Uk | kidney proximal tubule cell | Uk | |||||||||
| 42 | Ut | kidney distal tubule cell | Ut | |||||||||
| 43 | Ux | exocrine gland striated duct cell | Ux | |||||||||
| 12 | Contract | 44 | Cb | muscle nuclear bag spindle cell | Cb | |||||||
| C | 45 | Ce | eye iris myoepithelial cell | Ce | ||||||||
| 46 | Cg | exocrine gland myoepithelial cell | Cg | |||||||||
| 47 | Ch | heart muscle ordinary cell | Ch | |||||||||
| 48 | Ci | intermediate skeletal muscle cell | Ci | |||||||||
| 49 | Cm | smooth muscle cell | Cm | |||||||||
| 50 | Cn | heart muscle nodal cell | Cn | |||||||||
| 51 | Cp | heart Purkinje muscle fiber cell | Cp | |||||||||
| 52 | Cr | red skeletal muscle slow cell | Cr | |||||||||
| 53 | Cs | muscle nuclear chain spindle cell | Cs | |||||||||
| 54 | Cw | white skeletal muscle fast cell | Cw | |||||||||
| 55 | Cx | skeletal muscle satellite cell | Cx | |||||||||
| Keratin | 56 | Ka | nail bed basal cell | Ka | ||||||||
| K | 57 | Kb | epidermal basal cell | Kb | ||||||||
| 58 | Kc | cuticular hair shaft cell | Kc | |||||||||
| 59 | Ke | epidermal keratinocyte | Ke | |||||||||
| 60 | Kh | hair matrix cell | Kh | |||||||||
| 61 | Km | medullary hair shaft cell | Km | |||||||||
| 62 | Kn | nail keratinocyte | Kn | |||||||||
| 63 | Ko | cortical hair shaft cell | Ko | |||||||||
| 64 | Kr | cuticular hair root cell | Kr | |||||||||
| 65 | Ks | Henle hair root sheath cell | Ks | |||||||||
| 66 | Kx | external hair root sheath cell | Kx | |||||||||
| 67 | Ky | Huxley hair root sheath cell | Ky | |||||||||
| Sense | 68 | Sb | Corti organ border cell | Sb | ||||||||
| S | 69 | Sc | Corti organ outer pillar cell | Sc | ||||||||
| 70 | Se | enteric glial cell | Se | |||||||||
| 71 | Sf | Corti organ outer phalangeal cell | Sf | |||||||||
| 72 | Sh | Corti organ Hensen cell | Sh | |||||||||
| 73 | Si | Corti organ inner pillar cell | Si | |||||||||
| 74 | Sn | Corti organ inner phalangeal cell | Sn | |||||||||
| 75 | So | olfactory epithelial support cell | So | |||||||||
| 76 | Sp | PNS satellite cell | Sp | |||||||||
| 77 | Ss | Schwann cell | Ss | |||||||||
| 78 | St | taste bud type-I support cell | St | |||||||||
| 79 | Sv | ear vestibular support cell | Sv | |||||||||
| 16 | Matrix | 80 | M_ | connective tissue nonepithelial fibroblast cell | M_ | |||||||
| M | 81 | Ma | blood capllary pericyte cell | Ma | ||||||||
| 82 | Mc | Corti organ interdental epithelial hair cell | Mc | |||||||||
| 83 | Md | intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cell | Md | |||||||||
| 84 | Me | cartilage elastic chondrocyte cell | Me | |||||||||
| 85 | Mf | marrow connective-tissue, corneal & tendon fibroblast cell | Mf | |||||||||
| 86 | Mh | cartilage hyaline chondrocyte cell | Mh | |||||||||
| 87 | Ml | fibrocartilage hyaline chondrocyte cell | Ml | |||||||||
| 88 | Mn | osteoprogenitor cell | Mn | |||||||||
| 89 | Mo | osteoblast & osteocyte | Mo | |||||||||
| 90 | Mp | ear planum semilunatum proteoglycan epithelial cell | Mp | |||||||||
| 91 | Mr | tooth root cementum-secreting cementocyte cell | Mr | |||||||||
| 92 | Ms | ear perilymphatic stellate cell | Ms | |||||||||
| 93 | Mt | tooth enamel-ameloblast epithelial cell | Mt | |||||||||
| 94 | Mv | eye vitrous hyalocyte cell | Mv | |||||||||
| 95 | Mx | tooth dentin-secreting odontocyte cell | Mx | |||||||||
| 19 | Transduce | 96 | Ta | carotid pH-sensor type-II cell | Ta | |||||||
| T | 97 | Tb | eye cone-blue photoreceptor cell | Tb | ||||||||
| 98 | Tc | primary cold-temperature sensory neuron | Tc | |||||||||
| 99 | Td | olfactory basal epithelium cell | Td | |||||||||
| 100 | Te | ear vestibular type-II hair cell | Te | |||||||||
| 101 | Tg | eye cone-green photoreceptor cell | Tg | |||||||||
| 102 | Th | ear vestibular type-I hair cell | Th | |||||||||
| 103 | Ti | Corti organ inner hair cell | Ti | |||||||||
| 104 | Tm | proprioceptive musculoskeletal neuron | Tm | |||||||||
| 105 | Tn | olfactory receptor neuron | Tn | |||||||||
| 106 | To | Corti organ outer hair cell | To | |||||||||
| 107 | Tp | pain -primary-sensory neuron | Tp | |||||||||
| 108 | Tq | carotid pH-sensor type-I cell | Tq | |||||||||
| 109 | Tr | eye cone-red photoreceptor cell | Tr | |||||||||
| 110 | Ts | epidermal Merkel touch-sensor cell | Ts | |||||||||
| 111 | Tt | taste bud type-II cell | Tt | |||||||||
| 112 | Tw | eye rod-white photoreceptor cell | Tw | |||||||||
| 113 | Tx | primary touch-sensor neuron | Tx | |||||||||
| 114 | Tz | primary hot-temperature sensory neuron | Tz | |||||||||
| 20 | Epithelia | 115 | Ea | stria vascularis marginal cell | Ea | |||||||
| E | 116 | Eb | stria vascularis basal cell | Eb | ||||||||
| 117 | Ec | vascular & lymphatic continuous endothelial cell | Ec | |||||||||
| 118 | Ed | ear endolymphatic dark cell | Ed | |||||||||
| 119 | Ee | ear squamous perilymphatic cell | Ee | |||||||||
| 120 | Ef | vascular & lymphatic fenestrated endothelial cell | Ef | |||||||||
| 121 | Eg | eye pigmented ciliary epithelium cell | Eg | |||||||||
| 122 | Eh | corneal endothelial cell | Eh | |||||||||
| 123 | Ej | joint synovial hylauronic acid cell | Ej | |||||||||
| 124 | El | eye nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell | El | |||||||||
| 125 | Em | ear squamous endolymphatic cell | Em | |||||||||
| 126 | En | ear microvilli column endolymphatic cell | En | |||||||||
| 127 | Eo | ear nonmicrovilli column endolymphatic cell | Eo | |||||||||
| 128 | Ep | serosa peritoneal, pleural & pericardial cell | Ep | |||||||||
| 129 | Eq | pia-arachnoid squamous cell | Eq | |||||||||
| 130 | Es | vascular & lymphatic splenic endothelial cell | Es | |||||||||
| 131 | Et | ear Boettcher endolymphatic cell | Et | |||||||||
| 132 | Eu | ear Claudius endolymphatic cell | Eu | |||||||||
| 133 | Ev | ear vestibular membrane endolymphatic cell | Ev | |||||||||
| 134 | Ex | choroids plexus CSF-secreting cell | Ex | |||||||||
| 21 | Immune | 135 | Ia | B-lymphocyte A-immunoglobulin cell | Ia | |||||||
| I | 136 | Ib | bone osteoclast cell | Ib | ||||||||
| 137 | Ic | CNS microglial cell | Ic | |||||||||
| 138 | Id | B-lymphocyte D-immunoglobulin cell | Id | |||||||||
| 139 | Ie | B-lymphocyte E-immunoglobulin cell | Ie | |||||||||
| 140 | If | connective tissue macrophage cell | If | |||||||||
| 141 | Ig | B-lymphocyte G-immunoglobulin cell | Ig | |||||||||
| 142 | Ih | T-lymphocyte helper cell | Ih | |||||||||
| 143 | Ii | blood & immune stem cell | Ii | |||||||||
| 144 | Ik | NK (natural killer) cell | Ik | |||||||||
| 145 | Il | epidermal Langerhans cell | Il | |||||||||
| 146 | Im | B-lymphocyte M-immunoglobulin cell | Im | |||||||||
| 147 | In | neutrophil granulocyte cell | In | |||||||||
| 148 | Io | lymphoid dendritic cell | Io | |||||||||
| 149 | Ip | platelet megakaryocyte cell | Ip | |||||||||
| 150 | Ir | RBC (erythrocyte cell) | Ir | |||||||||
| 151 | Is | T-lymphocyte suppressor cell | Is | |||||||||
| 152 | It | T-lymphocyte cytotoxic-killer cell | It | |||||||||
| 153 | Iw | monocyte cell | Iw | |||||||||
| 154 | Ix | mast cell | Ix | |||||||||
| 155 | Iy | basophil cell | Iy | |||||||||
| 156 | Iz | eosinophil granulocyte cell | Iz | |||||||||
| 27 | Exocrine | 157 | X_ | pancreas acinar-enzyme/bicarbonate cell | X_ | |||||||
| X | 158 | Xa | apocrine sweat-gland, sex-hormone cell | Xa | ||||||||
| 159 | Xb | Bowman nose gland cell | Xb | |||||||||
| 160 | Xc | ear cerminous-gland, wax-secreting cell | Xc | |||||||||
| 161 | Xd | eccrine sweat-gland, glycoprotein-dark cell | Xd | |||||||||
| 162 | Xe | eccrine sweat-gland, small-molecule clear cell | Xe | |||||||||
| 163 | Xf | seminal vesicle fructose cell | Xf | |||||||||
| 164 | Xg | lung Clara cell | Xg | |||||||||
| 165 | Xh | Littre gland mucus cell | Xh | |||||||||
| 166 | Xi | duodenum Brunner intestine gland cell | Xi | |||||||||
| 167 | Xj | mammary gland, milk-secreting cell | Xj | |||||||||
| 168 | Xk | uterus endometrium carbohydrate cell | Xk | |||||||||
| 169 | Xl | intestine Paneth lysozyme cell | Xl | |||||||||
| 170 | Xm | salivary gland mucous cell | Xm | |||||||||
| 171 | Xn | stomach lining mucus cell | Xn | |||||||||
| 172 | Xo | gastric oxyntic gland cell | Xo | |||||||||
| 173 | Xp | prostate gland seminal fluid cell | Xp | |||||||||
| 174 | Xq | Moll sweat-gland, eyelid cell | Xq | |||||||||
| 175 | Xr | goblet respiratory & GI tract cell | Xr | |||||||||
| 176 | Xs | salivary gland serous cell | Xs | |||||||||
| 177 | Xt | lacrimal gland tear-secreting cell | Xt | |||||||||
| 178 | Xu | lung surface type-I pneumocyte | Xu | |||||||||
| 179 | Xv | tongue Von Edner gland cell | Xv | |||||||||
| 180 | Xw | bulbourethal gland mucus cell | Xw | |||||||||
| 181 | Xx | sebaceous gland, sebum-secreting cell | Xx | |||||||||
| 182 | Xy | vagina Bartholin gland lubricant cell | Xy | |||||||||
| 183 | Xz | gastric zymogenic gland cell | Xz | |||||||||
| 28 | Hormone | 184 | H_ | gut & respiratory tract glucagon cell | H_ | |||||||
| H | 185 | Ha | pituitary ACTH corticotrope cell | Ha | ||||||||
| 186 | Hb | gut & respiratory tract bombesin cell | Hb | |||||||||
| 187 | Hc | gut & respiratory tract cholecystokinin cell | Hc | |||||||||
| 188 | Hd | kidney peripolar cell | Hd | |||||||||
| 189 | He | gut & respiratory tract endorphin cell | He | |||||||||
| 190 | Hf | adrenal mineralocorticoid & glucocorticoid cell | Hf | |||||||||
| 191 | Hg | pituitary GH somatotrope cell | Hg | |||||||||
| 192 | Hh | adrenal epinephrine & norepinephrine cell | Hh | |||||||||
| 193 | Hi | gut & respiratory tract insulin cell | Hi | |||||||||
| 194 | Hj | gut & respiratory tract gastrin cell | Hj | |||||||||
| 195 | Hk | kidney macula densa cell | Hk | |||||||||
| 196 | Hl | pituitary LH & FSH gonadotrope cell | Hl | |||||||||
| 197 | Hm | pituitary MSH cell | Hm | |||||||||
| 198 | Hn | gut & respiratory tract secretin cell | Hn | |||||||||
| 199 | Ho | pituitary oxytocin cell | Ho | |||||||||
| 200 | Hp | pituitary prolactin lactotrope cell | Hp | |||||||||
| 201 | Hq | testis Leydig testosterone cell | Hq | |||||||||
| 202 | Hr | kidney juxtaglomerular renin cell | Hr | |||||||||
| 203 | Hs | gut & respiratory tract somatostatin cell | Hs | |||||||||
| 204 | Ht | pituitary TSH thyrotrope cell | Ht | |||||||||
| 205 | Hu | thyroid epithelial TH & calcitonin cell | Hu | |||||||||
| 206 | Hv | pituitary vasopressin cell | Hv | |||||||||
| 207 | Hw | parathyroid hormone cell | Hw | |||||||||
| 208 | Hx | theca interna estrogen cell | Hx | |||||||||
| 209 | Hy | corpus luteum progesterone cell | Hy | |||||||||
| 210 | Hz | kidney mesangial cell | Hz | |||||||||
| 211 | Ha’ | parathyroid oxyphil cell | Ha’ | |||||||||
EXAMPLE.
T-lymphocyte helper cell is the green-color, group #18 with symbol ( Ih ). Beside this is: BTK, CD3, CD4 and other gene symbols. In HIV-AIDS cases one measures the “CD4 T-lymphocyte helper cells in the blood.
NOTE.
The Herzenberg’s were a husband and wife couple in immunology. The couple as university professors brought FACS to fruition; and, today FACS instruments are commonplace. Becton Dickinson (BD) is company that manufactures the instrument Herzenberg’s invented.
