Here I present: “Parietal Foramina”, Victor McKusick, Mendelian Inheritance in Man’, 1966. 顦狀有孔。icd10=Q75.9 (PFM).
INTRODUCTION.
Parietal foramina (PFM) are symmetric, oval defects in the parietal bone situated on each side of the sagittal suture and separated from each other by a narrow bridge of bone. The size of the openings decrease with age and considerable intrafamilial variability is observed.
Parietal foramina (PFM) an opening in the skull is for the parietal emissary vein, which drains into the superior sagittal sinus. Occasionally, a small branch of the occipital artery can also pass through it. Each foramen is located at the back part of the parietal bone, close to the upper or sagittal border. It is not always present, and its size varies considerably. Parietal foramina tend to be symmetrical, with the same number on each side.
There is evidence parietal foramina type-1 (PFM1) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the muscle segment homeobox type-2 (MSX2) gene on cytogenetic location 5q35.2 and genomic coordinates 5:174,724,582-174,730,896. The screenshot of the MSX2 gene 6,315 bp (base pairs) of DNA sequence length is shown BELOW. Nine (9) other genes besides MSX2 in the 5q35.2 cytogenetic location are listed BENEATH.
| Coordinate | Symbol | Genomic Name |
| 5:173,607,145 | BOD1 | Biorientation of chromosomes in cell division 1 |
| 5:173,888,349 | CPEB4 | Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 |
| 5:173,989,170 | C5orf47 | Chromsome 5 open reading frame 47 |
| 5:174,045,706 | NSG2 | Neuronal vesicle trafficking-associated protein 2 |
| 5:174,724,582 | MSX2 | msh homeobox 2 |
| 5:175,440,036 | DRD1 | Dopamine receptor D1 |
| 5:175,478,560 | SFXN1 | Sideroflexin 1 |
| 5:175,658,071 | HRH2 | Histamine receptor H2 |
| 5:175,796,533 | CPLX2 | Complexin 2 |
| 5:175,959,531 | THOC3 | THO complex 3 |
