Category: Elements

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Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, Enzyme Commission 7.2.2.13 , Jen Skou discovered in 1957.

  Jen Christian Skou discovery of the “Sodium Pump” in 1957 was a pioneering step in cellular energetics.  In a human body this single enzyme accounts for two-third of body energy.  Ubiquitous in cells of the animal kingdom, 40 years after the discovery Skou received the 1997 Nobel Prize.  Note the magnesium is a cofactor … Continue reading Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, Enzyme Commission 7.2.2.13 , Jen Skou discovered in 1957.

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S. Aronoff, A. Benson, W. Hassid & Melvin Calvin, "Distribution of Carbon-14 in Photosynthesizing Barley Seedlings", 1947.

, Melvin Calvin and colleague Andrew Benson used radioactive carbon-14 to study photosynthesis.  The metabolism of carbon dioxide fixation was discovered.  Carbon-14 usage in the plant kingdom for the Calvin-Benson cycle discovery.  The opposite, carbon-14 usage in the discovery of respiration metabolism by Joseph Katz of Warburg respiration.  Respiration and photosynthesis  made fundamental usage carbon-14.  Continue reading S. Aronoff, A. Benson, W. Hassid & Melvin Calvin, "Distribution of Carbon-14 in Photosynthesizing Barley Seedlings", 1947.

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Joseph Katz, "The use of Glucose Carbon-14 in the Study of the Pathways of Glucose Metabolism in Mammalian Tissues".

Here is the use of a radioactive isotope in metabolomics by Joseph Katz.  Otto Warburg’s decades earlier research  was foundational metabolism study.  Carbon-14, here used by Joseph Katz was the next generation of metabolomics. Continue reading Joseph Katz, "The use of Glucose Carbon-14 in the Study of the Pathways of Glucose Metabolism in Mammalian Tissues".

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Human Essential Elements Periodicity.

The table of the human essential elements consists of nearly two dozen items. This listing is top-most (Oxygen) to bottom-least (Chromium) elements. The table amounts are in both percentage and fraction. The last column has statements of what is essential about an item. The problematic aspect is the concentrations go down to parts-per-trillion. These low … Continue reading Human Essential Elements Periodicity.