“A picture is worth a thousand words; but a formula is worth a thousand pictures”.
Ian Stewart, “In Pursuit of the Unknown’: 17 Equations that Changed the World”, 2012, PART SEVEN (7).
Here I present: David W. Anthony, ”The Horse, the Wheel & Language”, 2007, PART TWO (2).
INTRODUCTION.
In his book on page 413 David W. Anthony presents a discussion of ancient mines. The figure 16.1 is given ABOVE of the copper, tin and gold mines.
Figure 16.1 “Cultures of the steppes and the Asian civilizations between about 2200 and 1800 BCE, with the location of proven Bronze Age mines in the steppes and Zaravshan valley”, Page 413.
COMMENTS.
Ten (10) elements’ are listed ABOVE of ancient discovery: Copper, Lead, Gold, Silver, Iron, Carbon, Tin, Sulfur, Mercury, Antimony.
However, the history of the idea of elements’ is not present until Antoine Lavoisier gives the elements’ Latin letter symbols.
The ten (10) ancient elements’ become symbols: copper Cu, lead Pb, gold Au, silver Ag, iron Fe, carbon C, tin Sn, sulfur S, mercury Hg, antimony Sb.
The genius of 1789 Antoine Lavoisier that in 1866 Dmitri Mendeleev recognized was reduction (H, hydrogen) and oxidation (O, oxygen) of elements’. Dmitri Mendeleev presented eight (8) “group formula” for molecular elements’ (shown BENEATH). These eight (8) formula changed the world.
GROUP FORMULAS.
Group I. – / R2O.
Group II. – / RO.
Group III. – / R2O3.
Group IV. RH4 / RO2.
Group V. RH3 / R2O5.
Group VI. RH2 / RO3.
Group VII. RH / R2O7.
Group VIII. – / RO4.
“A picture is worth a thousand words; but a formula is worth a thousand pictures”.
