Joshua Bowen’ & Megan Lewis’ , “Learn to Read Ancient Sumerian”, 2020, PART THREE (III) a “beginner level” book for learning Sumerian was the topic of an earlier blog post.
Here I present: Konrad Volk, “A Sumerian Reader”, 1999. The book is for “intermediate level” learners of the Sumerian language. This hyperlink to “Internet Archive” is free access to the book online. This book is also for sale on AMAZON as a print book.
SUMMARY.
This is a “reader” with forty-four (#44) texts from the Mesopotamian’ Sumerian language to practice whilst learning. The book uses a glossary of two-hundred fifty-seven (#257) Sumerian cuneiforms listed BELOW.
CUNEIFORM LIST.
0. 𒊹 (one).
1. 𒁹 𒀸 𒌋 (three).
2. 𒈫 𒑖 𒐞 𒉽 𒁁 𒈦 𒋙 𒇲 𒈨 (nine).
3. 𒐈 𒀀 𒆳 𒋻 𒋡 𒉡 𒃰 𒆕 𒉺 𒄑 𒅆 𒑚 𒌍 (thirteen).
4. 𒍝 𒄭 𒀭 𒁀 𒃻 𒋾 𒄷 𒋛 𒄥 𒌓 𒇹 𒆜 𒂟 𒌇 𒆸 𒊩 (sixteen).
5. 𒐊 𒄿 𒐬 𒄱 𒅕 𒆰 𒊑 𒋩 𒈣 𒈹 𒀊 𒁺 𒅕 𒂷 𒆦 𒄞 𒈥 𒄨 𒀾 𒈠 𒁍 𒉏 𒌨 𒐐 𒇥 𒆪 (twenty-six).
6. 𒐋 𒌷 𒄈 𒊒 𒈧 𒉣 𒋫 𒍑 𒄒 𒌑 𒃲 𒋗 𒊮 𒄰 𒀫 𒌌 𒁲 𒆹 𒇻 𒆵 (twenty).
7. 𒐌 𒁄 𒌗 𒈬 𒊕 𒌉 𒂊 𒋀 𒁶 𒇉 𒄖 𒉄 (twelve).
8. 𒐍 𒍪 𒃷 𒊓 𒄠 𒀔 𒃾 𒁉 𒎎 𒈛 𒇽 𒃼 𒊭 𒇯 𒅁 𒁔 𒂖 (seventeen).
9. 𒑆 𒂠 𒋢 𒈤 𒈾 𒄀 𒁯 𒄘 𒀜 𒉈 𒁽 𒂼 𒃌 𒆤 𒊏 𒁓 𒋤 𒀠 (seventeen).
10. 𒁮 𒂗 𒂡 𒄣 𒄫 𒆒 𒊺 𒈲 𒌔 𒉭 𒉎 𒂂 𒅇 𒋞 𒆥 𒌝 𒁮 (seventeen).
11. 𒅗 𒅅 𒀝 𒁵 𒂗 𒄙 𒂦 𒀏 𒃠 𒁖 (ten).
12. 𒆷 𒋳 𒀯 𒁾 𒉪 𒌋𒅗 𒉐 𒈝 𒂄 (nine).
13. 𒅴 𒁾 𒋚 𒉆 𒍣 𒆍 𒅔 𒊬 𒉋 𒂵 𒄄 𒈜 (twelve).
14. 𒉢 𒂇 𒃶 𒌦 𒍠 𒂇 𒆬 𒇇 (eight).
15. 𒅥 𒌅 𒌢 𒃥 (four).
16. 𒅄 𒉚 𒋋 𒌤 𒌵 𒂞 (six).
17. 𒀉 𒀲 (two).
18. 𒈿 𒇷 𒅍 𒊷 (four).
19. 𒁰 (one).
20. 𒄋 𒊿 (two).
21. 𒀩 (one).
22. 𒁈 (one)
Here I presented: Konrad Volk, “A Sumerian Reader”, 1999. This hyperlink to “Internet Archive” is free access to the book online. This book is also for sale on AMAZON as a print book.
COMMENTS.
The book consists of a glossary of two-hundred fifty-seven (#257) Sumerian cuneiforms used in reading the forty-four (#44) practice texts.
The glossary of cuneiforms is BELOW as numerals’ (1, 2, 3) and phonetics (abc’s) that additionally are semantic (definitions).
…….………..GLOSSARY…….………..
1. 𒀸 1. U+12038. “aš / rum”.
ONE.
2. 𒁀 4. U+12040. “ba”.
GIFT. THIS. SHARE.
3. 𒍪 8. U+1236A. “zu / ṣu₂”.
KNOW. YOUR. LEARN.
4. 𒋢 9. U+122E2 “su / kuš”.
SKIN. BODY. SINK.
5. 𒊿 20. U+122BF “šen”.
6. 𒁄 7. U+12044 “bal / bala”.
THROUGH. EXCHANGE.
7. 𒄈 6. U+12108 “ĝir₂”. KNIFE. DAGGER. SWORD.
8. 𒁔 8. U+12054 “ušum”. SNAKE.
9. 𒋻 3. U+122FB. “tar / ku₅”.
CUT. DIVIDE. BREAK-OFF.
10. 𒀭 4. U+1202D. “an / diĝir”.
STAR. SKY. GOD.
11. 𒅗 11. U+12157 “ka / gu₃ / du₁₁ / zu₂”. SPEAK. WORD. NOSE. MOUTH. TOOTH.
12. 𒅥 15. U+12165 “gu₇”. EAT. TO-EAT.
13. 𒌷 6. U+12337 “uru”. CITY. TOWN.
14. “unken”.
15. 𒌷 6. U+12337 “uru / urux”.
16. “ĝišgal”.
17. 𒅕 5. U+12155 “er”. TAKE. BRING. ROB.
18. “urdu”.
19. 𒌗 7. U+12317 “iti”. MOON. MONTH.
20. 𒋚 13. U+122DA “šubur”. PIG.
21. 𒆷 12. U+121B7 “la”.
NO. WITHOUT. NOT.
22. “engar”.
23. 𒈤 9. U+12224 “mah”. CHIEF. GREAT. EXALTED.
24.𒌅 15. U+12305 “tu”.
25. 𒇷 18. U+121F7 “le / li”. JUNIPER-SHRUB.
26. 𒉽 2. U+1227D “kur”. FOREIGN. HOSTILE.
27. 𒈬 7. U+1222C “mu / gu₁₀”. NAME.
28. 𒋡 3. U+122E1 “sila”.
29. “taka”.
30. 𒄀 9. U+12100 “gi”. REED.
31. 𒊒 6. U+12292 “ru / šub”. FALL. FELL.
32. 𒁁 2. U+12041 “til”. LIVE. TO-LIVE.
33. 𒈾 9. U+1223E “na”. STONE.
34. 𒉢 14. U+12262 “šir”.
35. 𒆰 5. U+121B0 “numun”. SOW. SEED.
36. 𒋾 4. U+122FE “ti”. ARROW.
37. 𒈦 2. U+12226 “bar / maš”. HALF. MIDDLE.
38. 𒉡 3. U+12261 “nu”. NOT. NO.
39. 𒈧 6. U+12226 “maš”. MALE-GOAT.
40. 𒄷 4. U+12137 “hu / mušen”. BIRD.
41. 𒉆 13. U+12246 “nam”. FATE. DESTINY.
42. 𒅅 11. U+12145 “ig / ĝal”. DOOR. TO-EXIST.
43. 𒈿 18. U+1223F “nu”. SLEEP. LIE-DOWN.
44. 𒍣 13. U+12363 “zi”. BREATH. THROAT. LIFE.
45. 𒄀 9. U+12100 “ge / gi”. REED.
46. 𒊑 5. U+12291 “re / ri”. LIE-DOWN. LAY-UPON. THAT.
47. 𒉣 6. U+12263 “nun / eridu”. RULER. PRINCE. NOBLE.
48. 𒃰 3. U+120F0 “gada”.
49. 𒀝 11. U+1201D “ak”. MAKE. BUILD. ACT. DO.
50. 𒌢 15. U+12322 “umbin”. NAIL.
51. 𒁵 11. U+12075 “mun”. SALT.
52. 𒀝 9. U+1201D “aka”. ACT. TO-ACT.
53. 𒂗 10. U+12097 “en”. OWNER. LORD.
54. 𒁰 19. U+12070 “dara”.
55. 𒋩 5. U+122E9 “sur”. RAIN. DRIP.
56. 𒈹 5.U+12239 “muš”.
57. 𒊓 8. U+12293 “sa”.
58. 𒃷 8. U+120F7 ”kar”. LAND. FIELD.
59. 𒄘 9. U+12118 “gu”. SHORE. BANK. SHOULDER.
60. 𒄙 11. U+12119 ”dur”.
61. 𒄥 4. U+12125 “gur”. TURN. TWIST.
62. 𒋛 4. U+122DB “si”. HORN.
63. 𒁯 9. U+1206F “dar”. SPECKLED. DECORATED.
64. 𒊕 7. U+12295 “saĝ”. HEAD.
65. 𒈣 5. U+12223 “ma”. BOAT. SHIP.
66. 𒌓 4. U+12313 “ud₅”. SUN. DAY. WHITE.
67. “diri”.
68. 𒇹 4. U+12404 “limmu”. FOUR.
69. 𒋳 12. U+122F3 “tag”. TOUCH. HOLD. BIND.
70. 𒀊 5. U+1200A “ab”. WINDOW. SEA. LAKE.
71. 𒀯 12. U+1202F “mul”. STARS. RADIANT. SPARKLING.
72. 𒆍 13. U+1218D “ka”. DOOR. GATE.
73. 𒌝 10. “um”.
74. 𒁾 12. U+1207E “dub”. TABLET. CLAY-TABLET.
75. 𒋫 6. U+122EB “ta”. FROM. OUT-OF.
76. 𒄿 7. “i”.
77. 𒃶 14. “gan”.
78. 𒌉 7. “dumu”.
79. 𒀜 9. “ad”.
80. 𒅔 13. “in”.
81. 𒈗 14. “lugal”.
82. 𒂡 10. “ezen”.
83. “asilax”.
84. 𒂦 11. “bad”.
85. “keš”.
86. 𒊬 13. U+122AC “mu / sar”. INSCRIPTION. TEXT. WRITING.
87. 𒊺 10. “se / šum”.
88. 𒆜 4. “kas”.
89. “du₈”.
90. “eden”.
91. 𒄠 8. “am”.
92. 𒉈 9. “bi / de / izi / ne”.
93. 𒉋 13. “gibil”.
94. 𒀝 11. ”ag”.
95. 𒉚 16. U+1225A “šam”. BUY. SELL.
96. 𒄣 10. “gum”
97. 𒀔 8. “unug”.
98. 𒀏 11. “nanše / nina”.
99. “suḫuš”.
100. 𒁽 9. U+1207D “kaš”.
101. 𒁺 5. “du”.
102. “ib”.
103. 𒀲 17. “anše”.
104. 𒃾 8. “ĝeštin”.
105. 𒍑 6. U+12351 “uš / nita”. MAN. MALE.
106. “kuš / iš / saḫar”.
107. 𒁉 7. “bi / be”.
108. 𒋋 16. “bappir”.
109. 𒄒 6. “kib”.
110. 𒎎 7. U+1238E “na₄”. STONE.
111. 𒆕 3. “gag / du”.
112. 𒉌 4. “zal / i / li /ne ni”.
113. 𒅕 5. “ir”.
114. 𒂷 5. “ga / ĝa”.
115. 𒂼 9. U+120BC “ama / daĝal”. MOTHER. WIDE.
116. 𒃠 11. “ĝanun”.
117. 𒆦 5. “kisal”.
118. 𒃢 8. “sila₄”.
119. “uru / ur”.
120. 𒃌 9. U+120CC “galga”.
121. 𒁖 11. “dag”.
122. 𒉺 3. “pa”.
123. 𒄑 3. “ĝiš”.
124. 𒄞 5. “gu₄”.
125. 𒀠 8. U+12020 “al”. HOE. PICKAXE.
126. “ub”.
127. 𒈥 5. “mar”.
128. 𒂊 7. “e”.
129. “baḫar / dug”.
130. 𒌦 14. U+12326 “un / kalam”. LAND. COUNTRY.
131. 𒆤 9. “ke₄ / lil”.
132. “sagga”.
133. 𒌑 6. “u₂”.
134. 𒂵 13. “ga”.
135. 𒅍 18. U+1214D “il₂”. LIFT. RAISE. CARRY.
136. 𒈛 8. “luh”.
137. 𒄨 5. “ĝuruš”.
138. 𒃥 15. “esag”.
139. 𒉪 12. “nir”.
140. 𒄄 13. U+12104 “gi₄ / ge₄”. SEND. RETURN.
141. 𒊏 9. “ra”.
142. 𒇽 8. “lu₂”.
143. 𒋀 7. “šeš”.
144. 𒍠 14. U+12360 “za₃”. RIGHTSIDE. RIGHT.
145. 𒃼 8. U+120FC “gar₃”.
146. 𒀉 17. “a₂”.
147. 𒁕 11. “da”.
148. 𒌤 16. “de₂”.
149. 𒀾 5. “aš₂”.
150. 𒈠 5. “ma”.
151. 𒃲 6. “gal”.
152. 𒁈 22. “bara”.
153. 𒄫 10. “peš”.
154. 𒂇 14. “nigir”.
155. 𒁓 9 U+12053 “bur”. BOWL. VESSEL. PLATTER.
156. 𒊭 8. “ša”.
157. 𒋗 6. “šu”.
158. 𒆒 10. “kad₄”.
159. 𒈜 13. “ka₅ / nar”.
160. 𒊷 18. “sa₆”.
161. 𒀩 22. “alan”.
162. 𒌵 16. “uri”.
163. 𒆳 3. “kur”.
164. 𒊺 10. “še”.
165. 𒁍 5. U+1204D “bu / pu / gid”. LENGTHEN. STRETCH. LONG.
166. 𒋤 9. “su₃”.
167. 𒈲 10. “muš”.
168. “tir”.
169. 𒋼𒀀 9. “kar”.
170. 𒌓 4. “u₄ / ud / utu”.
171. 𒉿 4. “pi”.
172. 𒊮 6. “ša₃”.
173. 𒌔 10. “uh₂”.
174. 𒂟 4. “erin”.
175. 𒉭 10. U+1226D “nunuz”. EGG.
176. 𒄭 4. “du₁₀ / šar”.
177. 𒉎 10. “im / ni / iškur”.
178. 𒄯 9. “hur”.
179. ḫuš
180. 𒄰 6. “kam”.
181. 𒌋 1. U+1230B “u / bur₃ / šu₄ / šuš”. TEN.
182. 𒌋𒅗 12. “ugu”.
183. “eštar / ugun”.
184. “utul / ab”.
185.𒄋 20. U+1210B “alim”. BISON.
186. 𒈪 9. “mi / ĝi₆ / gi₆”.
187. “šakan”.
188. “nu”.
189. 𒉏 5. “nim / elam”.
190. 𒉐 12. “tum’₃”.
191. 𒀫 6. “amar”.
192. 𒁶 7. “gim / dim / šitim”.
193. 𒌌 6. “du₇ / ul”.
194. 𒂂 10. “dugud”.
195. “nigin”.
196. 𒅆 3. U+12146 “igi / ši”. EYE. SIGHT. VISION. FRONT. FACE.
197. “pa”.
198. 𒅈 8. “ar”.
199. 𒅆𒁾 15. ”agrig”.
200. 𒅇 10. “u₃”.
201. 𒅆𒌨 8. “hul”.
202. 𒁲 6. “sa / silim”.
203. 𒇯 8. “du₆”.
204. “ki”.
205. 𒂄 12. U+12084 “šul”. PIG.
206. 𒆬 14. “ku₃”.
207. 𒌍 3. “eš”.
208. 𒐐 5. “ninnu”.
209. 𒁹 1. “diš / ĝeš”.
210. 𒇲 2. “la₂”.
211. 𒆸 4. “nigin₂”.
212. 𒇉 7. “engur”.
213. 𒇇 14. “u₈”.
214. “šara”.
215. 𒇥 5. U+121E5 “pu₂ / gigir”. ODOROUS. FETID. SMELLY.
216. 𒆹 6. “ambar”.
217. “kilib”.
218. 𒈨 2. “me”.
219. 𒐞 2. “ĝeš”.
220. 𒅁 8. “ib”.
221. 𒆪 5. “dur / eš”.
222. 𒇻 6. “udu / lu”.
223. 𒆥 10. ”gur₁₀ / kiĝ”.
224. “siki”.
225. 𒂞 16. “eren”.
226. 𒋙 2. U+122D9 “šu”. TOTALITY. WORLD.
227. “keš”.
228. “šudul”.
229. 𒊩 4. U+122A9 “mi / munus”. WOMAN. FEMALE.
230. 𒊩𒌆 10. U+1238F “nin”. PRINCESS. SISTER. LADY.
231. 𒁮 10. U+1206E “dam”. WIFE. SPOUSE.
232. 𒊩𒆳 7. “geme”. FEMALE SLAVE.
233. 𒄖 7. U+12116 “gu”. LINEN. FLAX. THREAD. STRING.
234. 𒉄 8. U+12244 “nagar”.
235. 𒆵 6. U+121B5 “kušu”.
236. 𒂖 8. U+12096 “sikil”. CLEAN. PURE. CLEAR.
237. 𒈝 12. U+1221D “lum / num”. EXCREMENT. FECES.
238. 𒋞 10. U+122DE “sig₄”. SHOULDER. MUDBRICK.
239. 𒈫 2. U+1222B “min”. TWO.
240. 𒑚 3. “šušana”.
241. “kingusili”.
242. 𒌇 4. U+12307 “tuku”. SING. PLAY-MUSIC. SONG.
243. 𒌨 5. U+12328 “ur / lik”. DOG.
244. 𒀀 3. U+12000 “a”. WATER
245. 𒍝 4. U+1235D. “za / ṣa”.GEM. BEAD. GEMSTONE.
246. “ḫa”.
247. 𒐈 3. U+12408 “eš”.
THREE.
248. 𒂇 14. U+12087 “aga”. HERALD. SIGNAL. HARBINGER.
249 𒃻4. U+120FB. “ĝar / nig / nik₂”.
FOOD. TO-PLACE. BREAD.
250. 𒐊 5. U+1240A. “ia”.
FIVE.
251. 𒐌 7. U+12153 “imin”.
SEVEN.
252. 𒑖 2. U+12456. “bariga / limmu₆”.
TWO. FOUR.
253. “bariga”.
254. “bur”.
255. 𒅄 16. U+12144 “buru”. SURFACE-MEASURE.
256. 𒊹 0. U+122B9 “šar₂”. THREE-THOUSAND SIX-HUNDRED (3,600). TOTALITY. WORLD.
257. 𒈦 2. U+12226 “mas”. YEAR. YEARS.
FUSIFORM GYRUS & READING.
Reading began in 3,500 BC in Sumer Mesopotamia when the “Fusiform Gyrus” was first used for reading in the brain. The Chinese reading system in the diagram BELOW was developed independently one-and-a half millennium after cuneiform in 2,000 BC China.
Sumerian is shown BELOW atop the language tree in the NOSTRATIC superphyla. NOSTRATIC is a superphyla adjacent to the DENE-CAUSIAN superphyla in the language tree BELOW.
