Hans Berger (1929), “Uber das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen”, was the topic of an earlier blog post.
Here I present: Allan Cormack & Godfrey Hounsfield, “Computed Tomography”, NOBEL PRIZE LECTURES, 8 December 1978. These two men shared the Medicine/Physiology Prize and gave the following lectures.
Allan Cormack, “Early Two-Dimensional Reconstruction and Recent Topics Stemming from It” was the Nobel Prize lecture he gave.
Godfrey Hounsfield, “Computed Medical Imaging” was the Nobel Prize lecture he gave. 
Here I presented: Allan Cormack & Godfrey Hounsfield“Computed Tomography”, NOBEL PRIZE LECTURES, 8 December 1978.
SUMMARY
Tomography is today commonplace in an era of computer technology. This was not the situation before the 1970’s when Cormack-Hounfield made revolutionary advances in medical imaging.
The first methods were X-Ray; but, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) allowed for development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The basis principle is shown in the diagram BELOW. The equation in the diagram is what the computer is used for.
It is basically a method of rotating the angles between the source-and-detector. This allows for reconstruction of internal body images.
