Here I present: Thomas Burr Osborne, “The Vegetable Proteins”, 1909. PART THREE (3).
INTRODUCTION.
Thomas Burr Osborne (with fellow Yale Medical School biochemists) determined the nine (9) dietary essential amino acids in the year 1909. Today vegetative-protein as meat-substitutes are widely available. A list of “meat-substitute” companies is given BELOW.
COMPANIES LIST.
- Beyond Meat – producers of mass-market pea protein-based products designed to replace animal protein. (El Segundo, California)
- Boca Burgers – a soy protein and wheat gluten veggie burger manufactured by Boca Foods, a subsidiary of Kraft Foods.
- Fry Group Foods – family-owned manufacturer of vegan meat substitutes founded by South Africans Wally and Debbie Fry in 1991.
- Gardein – meat-free foods developed by Canadian Yves Potvin (formerly of Yves Deli Cuisine) as Garden Protein International, manufactured from soy, wheat, grains and vegetables, including pea protein. Acquired by Pinnacle Foods in 2014.
- Impossible Foods – plant-based meat substitutes fermenting genetically-engineered heme from plants.
- LightLife – produces vegetarian and vegan meat substitutes.
- Prime Roots – American koji-based meat-substitute-producing company headquartered in California.
- Quorn – British meat substitute company headquartered in Stokesley, North Yorkshire and owned by Monde Nissin Corporation.
- Simulate – American company that produces plant-based chicken nuggets.
- Turtle Island Foods – produces Tofurky, a vegetarian and vegan alternative to turkey, as well other meatless products.
- Upside Foods – produces meat substitutes, located in the Bay Area, California
COMMENT.
BENEATH the blog post is a statistic of meat, bird & fish annual-consumption per capita in the United States of America (USA). In the USA one-hundred five (105) pounds of red-meat and poultry-bird are consumed.
REASONING: In recipes “substitution” of red-meat for “poultry-bird” occurs. THINKING: People consider: beef, pork, lamb & venison as the same “taste”. People consider: chicken, turkey, duck & goose as the same “taste”. PRICES: Sixteen (16) pounds of: turkey and fishes are consumed annually per capita. EQUATED: Fishes (shellfish & finfish) like turkey is considered “holiday” and “occasions” foods. Sixteen (16) pounds of fish/turkey is a break from the routine. One-hundred five (105) pounds of beef-pork /chicken is the routine. The USA average consumption of one (1) pound annually per capita is: duck, lamb & venison. Only shrimp is eaten often, at six (6) pounds of the sixteen (16) total pounds of fishes.
CONCLUSION.
Meat-substitutes are widely available. Vegetative-protein is a consumer choice, and some are listed BELOW.
- Alpha Foods
- Amy’s Organic
- Beyond Meat
- Bocca
- Bubba Burger
- Dr. Praegers
- Field Roast
- Fry’s
- Gardein Garden
- Impossible
- Incogmeato
- Litelife
- Sweet Earth
- Worthington
