Here I present: Thomas Burr Osborne, “The Vegetable Proteins”, 1909, PART TWO (2).
INTRODUCTION.
Thomas Burr Osborne was a biochemist at Yale University that studied “vegetable protein” in 1909. It was understood that protein digestion resulted in amino acids. Wilbur Atwater in 1902 had determined the “caloric starvation” number of calories in man.
Kwashiorkor is the term for “protein starvation” first coined in 1935 Cicely Williams. Cicely Williams showed before the “genetic code” was known in 1935 that eating a single-vegetable-only results in “protein starvation”. She observed that children eating corn-only-foodstuff (absolutely nothing else eaten) results in “protein starvation”. The reason is the amino acids needed in “protein synthesis” at the cellular ribosome are not present. The amino acids of proteins are listed BELOW.
AMINO ACID GENETIC CODE (1=u, 2=c, 3=a, 4=g).
A ala Alanine CH3 421. 422. 423. 424
B *
C cys Cysteine CH2SH 141. 142
D asp Aspartate CH2COOH 433. 434
E glu Glutamate CH2CH2COOH 433. 434
F phe Phenylalanine CH2C6H5 111. 112
G gly Glycine H 441. 442. 443. 444
H his Histidine CH2-C3H3N2 231. 232
I ile Isoleucine CH(CH3)CH2CH3 311. 312. 313
J *
K lys Lysine (CH2)4NH2 333. 334
L leu Leucine CH2CH(CH3)2 113. 114. 211. 212. 213. 214
M met Methionine CH2CH2SCH3 314 (AUG).
N asn Asparagine CH2CONH2 331. 332
O pyl Pyrolysine (CH2)4NHCOC4H5NCH3 *
P pro Proline CH2CH2CH2- 221. 222. 223. 224
Q gln Glutamine CH2CH2CONH2 233. 234
R arg Arginine (CH2)3NH-C(NH)NH2 241. 242. 243. 244. 343. 344
S ser Serine CH2OH 121. 122. 123. 124. 341. 324
T thr Threonine CH(OH)CH3 321. 322. 323. 324
U sec Selenocysteine CH2SeH *
V val Valine CH(CH3)2 411. 412. 413. 414
W trp Tryptophan CH2C8H6N 114.
X *
Y tyr Tyrosine CH2-C6H4OH 131. 132
Z *
