Fritz Fuchs & Povl Riis, “Antenatal Sex Determination”, 1956, was the topic of an earlier blog post.
Here I present: Fritz Fuchs & Povl Riis, “Antenatal Sex Determination”, 1956, PART TWO (II).
Today, it generally known by the public today that gender (female) is determined by pairs of X-Chromosomes. However, in the year 1956 this truth was unknown, until Fuchs-Riis reported this fact.
If the X-Chromosome DNA is not present in pairs (an Y-Chromosome is present) the baby is male (a single X-Chromosome).
Here I presented: Fritz Fuchs & Povl Riis, “Antenatal Sex Determination”, Nature, volume 177, year 1956, page 330.
COMMENTS.
This report by Fritz Fuchs & Povl Riis was the first determination of genders (male or female) antenatal (during pregnancy).
The presence of a pair of X-chromosome is female gender; and, a single X-chromosome is male gender.
This blog post presents the genetic contents of the X-Chromosome (shown ABOVE & BELOW).
| Short stature, idiopathic familial. |
| Hodgkin disease susceptibility, pseudoautosomal. |
| Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. |
| Ichthyosis. |
| Langer mesomelic dysplasia. |
| Microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea. |
| Leukemia, acute myeloid, M2 type. |
| Episodic muscle weakness. |
| Chondrodysplasia punctate. |
| Mental retardation. |
| Kallmann syndrome. |
| Ocular albinism and sensorineural deafness. |
| Ocular albinism, Nettsleship-Falls type. |
| Amelogenesis imperfecta. |
| Oral-facial-digital syndrome. |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, recessive. |
| Nance-Horan cataract-dental syndrome. |
| Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvaris. |
| Heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. |
| Hypophosphatemia, hereditary. |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. |
| Partington syndrome. |
| Glycogen storage disease. |
| Retinoschisis. |
| Coffin-Lowry syndrome. |
| Gonadal dysgenesis, XY female type. |
| Mental retardation. |
| Mental retardation, non-dysmorphic. |
| Spondyloepipgyseal dysplasia tarda. |
| Agammaglobinemia, type 2. |
| Paraoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. |
| Craniofrontonasal dysplasia. |
| Infantile spasm syndrome. |
| Opitz G syndrome, type I. |
| Alcardi syndrome. |
| Pigment disorder, reticulate. |
| Deafness, sensorineural. |
| Melanoma. |
| Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, type 2. |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy. |
| Adrenal hypoplasia, congenital. |
| Becker muscular dystrophy. |
| Dosage-sensitive sex reversal. |
| Cardiomyopathy, dilated. |
| Deafness, congenital sensorineural. |
| Chronic granulomatous disease. |
| Retinitis pigmentosa. |
| Snyder-Robinson mental retardation. |
| Wilson-Turner syndrome. |
| Norrie disease. |
| Cone dystrophy. |
| Exudative vitreoretinopathy. |
| Aland blind eye disease (ocular albinism). |
| Coats disease. |
| Optic atrophy. |
| Renpenning syndrome. |
| Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1. |
| Retinitis pigmentosa, recessive. |
| Erythroid potentiating activity. |
| Mental retardation, nonspecific and syndromic. |
| Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. |
| Dyserythropoietic anemia with thrombocytopenia. |
| Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 2. |
| Chondrodysplasia punctata, dominant. |
| Brunner syndrome. |
| Autoimmunity-Immunodeficiency syndrome. |
| Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. |
| Renal cell carcinoma, papillary. |
| Thrombocytopenia. |
| Faciogenital dysplasia (Aarskog-Scott syndrome). |
| Dent disease. |
| Chonloathetosis with mental retardation. |
| Nephrolithiasis. |
| Sarcoma, synovial. |
| Hypophosphatemia, type III. |
| Prieto syndrome. |
| Proteinuria. |
| Spinal muscular atrophy, lethal infantile. |
| Anemia, sideroblastic/lymphochronic. |
| Migraine, familial typical. |
| Cerebellar ataxia. |
| Androgen insensitivity. |
| Renal cell carcinoma, papillary. |
| Spinal and bulbar muscular dystrophy. |
| Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent. |
| Prostrate cancer. |
| Sutherland-Haan syndrome. |
| Perineal hypospadias. |
| Cognitive function, social. |
| Breast cancer, male, with Relfenstein syndrome. |
| Mental retardation, nonspecific. |
| Ectodermal dysplasia, anhidrotic. |
| Mendes disease. |
| Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation. |
| Occipital horn disease. |
| Juberg-Marsidi syndrome. |
| Cutis laxa, neonatal. |
| Sutherland-Haan syndrome. |
| FG syndrome. |
| Smith-Fineman-Myers syndrome. |
| Immunodeficiency, moderate and severe. |
| Hemolytic anemia. |
| Miles-Carpenter syndrome. |
| Myoglobinuriahemolysis. |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, dominant. |
| Wieacker-Wolff syndrome. |
| Mental retardation. |
| Torsion dystonia-Parkinsonism, Filipino type. |
| X-inactivation center. |
| Leukemia, myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage. |
| Premature ovarian failure. |
| Anemia, sideroblastic, with ataxia. |
| Arts syndrome. |
| Allan-Herndon syndrome. |
| Cleft palate and/or ankyloglossia. |
| Deafness. |
| Megalocornea. |
| Choroideremia. |
| Epilepsy (Juberg-Hellman syndrome). |
| Agammaglobinemia. |
| Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. |
| Fabry disease. |
| Spastic paraplegia. |
| Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome. |
| Alport syndrome. |
| Jensen syndrome. |
| Cowchock syndrome. |
| Lissencephaly. |
| Hypertrichosis, congenital generalized. |
| Bazex syndrome. |
| Ptosis, hereditary congenital. |
| Mental retardation with growth hormone deficiency. |
| Apoptosis inhibitor. |
| Mental retardation, South African type. |
| Panhypopituitarism. |
| Lymphoproliferative syndrome. |
| Thoracoabdominal syndrome. |
| X-inactivation, familial skewed. |
| Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, type 1. |
| Petrigrew syndrome. |
| Split hand/foot malformation, type 2. |
| Gustavson mental retardation syndrome. |
| Hypoparathyroidism. |
| Immunodeficiency, with hyper-IgM. |
| Mental retardation, Shashi type. |
| Retinitis pigmentosa. |
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. |
| Wood neuroimmunologic syndrome. |
| HPRT-related gout. |
| Heterotary, vascular. |
| Lowe syndrome. |
| Albinism-deafness syndrome. |
| Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome. |
| Cone dystrophy, progressive. |
| Testicular germ cell tumor. |
| Prostate cancer susceptibility. |
| Hemophilia B. |
| Fragile-X mental retardation. |
| Warfarin sensitivity. |
| Epidermolysis bullosa, macular type. |
| Osseous dysplasia (male lethal), digital. |
| Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic. |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy. |
| Cancer/testis antigen. |
| Adrenomyeloneuropathy. |
| Dyskeratosis. |
| Colorblindness, blue monochromatic. |
| Hemophilia A. |
| Cardiac valvular dysplasia. |
| Hunter syndrome. |
| Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. |
| Mucopolysaccaridosis. |
| Heterotopia, periventricular. |
| Intestinal pseudoobstruction, neuronal. |
| Favism. |
| Melanoma antigens. |
| Hemolytic anemia. |
| Mental retardation-skeletal dysplasia. |
| Colorblindness, green cone pigment. |
| Myotubular myopathy. |
| Incontinentia pigmenti, type II. |
| Otopalatodigital syndrome, type I. |
| Hydrocephalus. |
| Colorblindness, red cone pigment. |
| MASA syndrome. |
| Goerninne TKCR syndrome. |
| Spastic paraplegia. |
| Waisman Parkinsonism-mental retardation. |
| Rett syndrome. |
| Barth syndrome. |
| Mature T-cell proliferation. |
| Cardiomyopathy, dilated. |
| Myopia (Bornholm eye disease). |
| Noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium. |
| Mental retardation with psychosis. |
| Von Hippel-Lindau binding protein. |
| Endocardial fibroelastosis. |
