Genomic coordinate (human 10:87,863,625 PTEN) &(mouse 19:32,734,977 Pten).
Cytoband (human 10q23.31 PTEN) & (mouse 19qC1 Pten).
Here I present: “Prostate Adenocarcinoma”, Victor McKusick, Mendelian Inheritance in Man’, 1966. (PTEN) icd10=C61
INTRODUCTION.
Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common form of prostate cancer, accounting for over 95% of cases. It develops from gland cells, often growing slowly and remaining confined to the prostate for years, resulting in a high five-year survival rate of nearly 98%. Early-stage, localized adenocarcinoma is highly treatable, while advanced cases may require more aggressive intervention.
Key Aspects of Prostate Adenocarcinoma.
- Definition: A cancer that begins in the gland cells of the prostate that produce semen.
- Commonality: Represents 95% of all prostate cancers, with the most frequent subtype being acinar adenocarcinoma.
- Symptoms: Frequently causes no symptoms in early stages. Advanced, locally advanced, or metastatic symptoms may include frequent/painful urination, blood in urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, and back/pelvic pain.
- Risk Factors: Primarily affects men over 66, with higher incidence rates in African American males.
- Diagnosis: Often detected via Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood tests, followed by a biopsy to confirm and determine the Gleason score.
- Treatment: Options include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy.
Stages of Prostate Cancer.
Prostate cancer is classified into stages based on how far it has spread:
- Stage I: The tumor is small, confined to the prostate, and low-grade.
- Stage II: The cancer is still within the prostate but is larger and higher grade.
- Stage III: The cancer has spread outside the prostate to nearby tissues (locally advanced).
- Stage IV: The cancer has spread (metastasized) to distant areas, such as lymph nodes, bones, or other organs.
Prognosis.
Because most cases are found early, prostate adenocarcinoma is generally highly curable, with most patients unaffected by the disease in their lifetime.
There is evidence that prostate adenocarcinoma can be caused by mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene encoded on genomic coordinate 10:87,863,625 and cytoband 10q23.31 in humans .
