Here I present: Marina Seabright, Rapid Banding Technique Human Chromosomes’, Lancet, year 1971, pages 971-972.
INTRODUCTION.
Thirty-three (33) years in 1971, before human chromosomal DNAs were completely sequenced by the 2004 Human Genome Project (HGP), Marina Seabright produced the scientific breakthrough. The mode of binding of Giemsa to the DNA molecule was intercalation between base pairs in the double-helix DNA, and Marina Seabright recognized this.
Here I presented: Marina Seabright, “Rapid Banding Technique Human Chromosomes’, Lancet, year 1971, pages 971-972.
COMMENTS.
Today there are over twelve-thousand (12,000) citations to this two page paper by Marina Seabright.
The “banding” of five intensity levels of Giemsa stained chromosomes:
#1. Black band.
#2. Dark-Gray band.
#3. Gray band.
#4. Light-Gray band.
#5. White band.
The breakthrough is as follows:
Yp11.32 is 1 – 300,000.
Yp11.31 is 300,001 – 600,000.
Yp11.2 is 600,001 – 10,300,000.
Etcetera… Etcetera… Etcetera… for each band seen under the microscope. The DNA companies (Ancestry, Familytree and 23&Me) are using today in their “chromosome painting” Marina Seabrights breakthrough.
